多巴胺受體D2

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多巴胺受體D2
已知的結構
PDB直系同源搜索: PDBe RCSB
PDBID列表

6CM4

識別號
别名DRD2;, D2DR, D2R, dopamine receptor D2
外部IDOMIM:126450 MGI:94924 HomoloGene:22561 GeneCards:DRD2
相關疾病
重性抑郁障碍[1]
為以下藥物的標靶
remoxipride[2]
benzquinamide、​LP-12、​LP-211、​LP-44、​罗匹尼罗、​羅替戈汀、​维拉佐酮、​7-hydroxy-2-(di-N-propylamino)tetralin、​溴隱亭、​多巴胺、​培高利特、​普拉克索、​quinelorane、​quinpirole、​sumanirole、​阿樸嗎啡、​阿立哌唑、​brexpiprazole、​過乳降、​麥角乙脲、​吡貝地爾、​roxindole、​特麦角脲、​氨磺必利、​布南色林、​(+)-butaclamol、​氯丙嗪、​氯氮平、​多潘立酮、​eticlopride、​三氟噻噸、​氟奋乃静、​氟哌啶醇、​L-741,626、​洛沙平、​mesoridazine、​nafadotride、​奥氮平、​perospirone、​奋乃静、​匹莫齊特、​pipotiazine、​普樂明、​promazine、​喹硫平、​raclopride、​利培酮、​sertindole、​舒必利、​levosulpiride、​三氟拉嗪、​齊拉西酮、​zotepine[3]
基因位置(人类
11號染色體
染色体11號染色體[4]
11號染色體
多巴胺受體D2的基因位置
多巴胺受體D2的基因位置
基因座11q23.2起始113,409,605 bp[4]
终止113,475,691 bp[4]
基因位置(小鼠
小鼠9号染色体
染色体小鼠9号染色体[5]
小鼠9号染色体
多巴胺受體D2的基因位置
多巴胺受體D2的基因位置
基因座9 A5.3|9 26.72 cM起始49,251,927 bp[5]
终止49,319,477 bp[5]
RNA表达模式




查阅更多表达数据
基因本體
分子功能 protein homodimerization activity
potassium channel regulator activity
dopamine neurotransmitter receptor activity, coupled via Gi/Go
相同蛋白质结合
dopamine neurotransmitter receptor activity
G protein-coupled receptor activity
血浆蛋白结合
signal transducer activity
adrenergic receptor activity
dopamine binding
signaling receptor binding
ionotropic glutamate receptor binding
protein heterodimerization activity
細胞組分 cytoplasmic vesicle
sperm flagellum
endocytic vesicle
顶体
树突棘
synaptic vesicle membrane
細胞本體
细胞膜
树突
ciliary membrane
神经末梢
integral component of membrane
突触后致密物质

lateral plasma membrane
轴突
胞內
non-motile cilium
integral component of plasma membrane
dopaminergic synapse
glutamatergic synapse
GABA-ergic synapse
integral component of postsynaptic membrane
integral component of presynaptic membrane
生物學過程 negative regulation of cell population proliferation
temperature homeostasis
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway
adenohypophysis development
circadian regulation of gene expression
response to toxic substance
regulation of dopamine secretion
response to cocaine
response to amphetamine
sensory perception of smell
locomotory behavior
positive regulation of urine volume
response to ethanol
axonogenesis
response to inactivity
phospholipase C-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway
modulation of chemical synaptic transmission
个人仪容
negative regulation of protein kinase B signaling
联想型学习
positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration involved in phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled signaling pathway
regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission
regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic
positive regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission
訊息傳遞
Wnt信号通路
adult walking behavior
branching morphogenesis of a nerve
negative regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration
negative regulation of innate immune response
regulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity
acid secretion
进食行为
positive regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
response to axon injury
striatum development
synaptic transmission, dopaminergic
nervous system process involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
蠕動
regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity
activation of protein kinase activity
positive regulation of growth hormone secretion
regulation of sodium ion transport
forebrain development
response to light stimulus
orbitofrontal cortex development
前脉冲抑制
response to morphine
response to iron ion
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade
长期记忆
positive regulation of renal sodium excretion
negative regulation of insulin secretion
neuron-neuron synaptic transmission
intracellular signal transduction
auditory behavior
behavioral response to ethanol
regulation of heart rate
adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway
positive regulation of cytokinesis
regulation of potassium ion transport
色素沉着
cellular calcium ion homeostasis
dopamine metabolic process
response to nicotine
regulation of MAPK cascade
response to histamine
negative regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic
response to hypoxia
negative regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep
negative regulation of protein secretion
synapse assembly
regulation of locomotion involved in locomotory behavior
dopamine receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of dopamine receptor signaling pathway
驚跳反射
positive regulation of receptor internalization
protein localization
arachidonic acid secretion
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
G protein-coupled receptor internalization
positive regulation of multicellular organism growth
positive regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation
negative regulation of dopamine secretion
adult behavior
cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron migration
regulation of synapse structural plasticity
adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
visual learning
negative regulation of cell migration
behavioral response to cocaine
positive regulation of neuroblast proliferation
negative regulation of blood pressure
release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol
negative regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of adenylate cyclase activity
興奮性動作電位
negative regulation of protein phosphorylation
自噬
positive regulation of neurogenesis
negative regulation of cell death
drinking behavior
adrenergic receptor signaling pathway
regulation of neurotransmitter uptake
postsynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmission
regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosis
Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
直系同源
物種人類小鼠
Entrez

1813

13489

Ensembl

ENSG00000149295

ENSMUSG00000032259

UniProt

P14416

P61168

mRNA​序列

NM_016574
​NM_000795

NM_010077

蛋白序列

NP_000786
​NP_057658
NP_000786.1

NP_034207

基因位置​(UCSC)Chr 11: 113.41 – 113.48 MbChr 9: 49.25 – 49.32 Mb
PubMed​查找[6][7]
維基數據
檢視/編輯人類檢視/編輯小鼠

多巴胺受體D2Dopamine receptor D2,簡稱D2R),為轉譯DRD2 基因的一種多巴胺受體蛋白。D2R最早於1975年為Philip Seeman英语Philip Seeman所發現,並將其命名為「抗精神疾患性多巴胺受體」(antipsychotic dopamine receptor[8]。D2R為所有抗精神病药物的作用標的。

功能

D2R屬於一種多巴胺受體,並會與Gi結合。GiG蛋白偶联受体的一種亞型,會抑制腺苷酸环化酶的活性[9]

在小鼠模式中,齒狀回neuronal calcium sensor-1英语neuronal calcium sensor-1(NCS-1)會影響D2R在細胞膜的表現量。這項機制會影響突触可塑性及記憶形成[10]

在蒼蠅模式中,多巴胺性神經元上的D2R自體受器英语autoreceptor能避免神經元死亡,進而引發類帕金森氏症的症狀[11]

同型體

此基因的选择性剪接产生三种不同编码亚型的转录变体。[12]

长形式(D2Lh)具有"规范"的序列,并作为经典突触后蛋白发挥作用。[13]短形式(D2Sh)在突触前作为调节突触间隙中多巴胺水平的自身受体发挥作用。[13]D2Sh受体激动时抑制多巴胺释放,拮抗时增加多巴胺释放。[13]第三种D2(更长)的形式不同于270V被VVQ取代的规范序列。[14]

基因組

等位基因變異:

  • A-241G
  • C132T、G423A、T765C、C939T、C957T英语C957T,以及G1101A[15]
  • Cys311Ser
  • -141C insertion/deletion[16]The polymorphisms have been investigated with respect to association with schizophrenia.[17]

Some researchers have previously associated the polymorphism Taq 1A (rs1800497) to the DRD2 gene. However, the polymorphism resides in exon 8 of the ANKK1英语ANKK1 gene.[18]DRD2 TaqIA polymorphism has been reported to be associated with an increased risk for developing motor fluctuations but not hallucinations in Parkinson's disease.[19][20]

配體

大多数较老的抗精神病药氯丙嗪氟哌啶醇是多巴胺D2受体的非选择性拮抗剂,最多仅对"D2样家族"受体具有选择性,因此与D2、D3、D4以及许多其他受体都可以结合,例如血清素组胺受体,导致一系列副作用使得它们不适合科学研究。类似,用于治疗帕金森病的较旧的多巴胺激动剂例如溴隐亭和卡麦角林,对一种多巴胺受体的选择性较差,尽管这些药物中大多数确实能起到D2激动剂的作用,但它们也会影响其他多巴胺受体,亚型也是。现今有几种选择性D2配体 (生物化学)可以使用,并且随着进一步的研究,这个数字可能会增加。

受體致活劑

  • 溴隱亭(Bromocriptine):完全受體致活劑
  • Cabergoline英语Cabergoline(Caberl)
  • N,N-Propyldihydrexidine:D1/D5受體制活劑dihydrexidine英语dihydrexidine的類似物,對節後神經元的D2R親和性比節前神經元的D2自體受器英语autoreceptor高。
  • Piribedil:同時也是 D3 受體致活劑及腎上腺素α2受體拮抗劑英语α2-adrenergic receptor
  • Pramipexole英语Pramipexole:同時也是D3、D4受體致活劑
  • Quinelorane英语Quinelorane:affinity for D2 > D3
  • Quinpirole英语Quinpirole:同時也是D3受體致活劑
  • Ropinirole:完全受體致活劑
  • Sumanirole英语Sumanirole:高選擇性完全受體致活劑
  • Talipexole英语Talipexole:對D2的親和性高於其他的多巴胺受體,但同時也是腎上腺素α2受體制活劑及5-HT3受體拮抗劑。

部分受體致活劑

  • Aplindore英语Aplindore
  • 阿立哌唑(Aripiprazole,在美國合法)[21]
  • Brexpiprazole英语Brexpiprazole/OPC-34712英语OPC-34712
  • Cariprazine英语Cariprazine
  • RP5063英语RP5063
  • GSK-789,472英语GSK-789,472 – Also D3 antagonist, with good selectivity over other receptors [22]
  • 氯胺酮(Ketamine,同時也為NMDA受體拮抗劑)
  • LSD – in vitro, LSD was found to be a partial agonist and potentiates dopamine-mediated prolactin secretion in lactotrophs.[23]LSD is also a 5-HT2A agonist.
  • 莫达非尼(Modafinil)
  • Roxindole英语Roxindole (only at the D2 autoreceptors)
  • OSU-6162英语OSU-6162:亦為5-HT2A部分受體致活劑,acts as "dopamine stabilizer"
  • Salvinorin A英语Salvinorin A:亦為κ-鴉片類受體致活劑英语Κ-opioid receptor

受體拮抗劑

  • Atypical antipsychotics英语Atypical antipsychotics
  • Desmethoxyfallypride英语Desmethoxyfallypride
  • Domperidone – D2 and D3 antagonist; does not cross the blood-brain barrier
  • Eticlopride英语Eticlopride
  • Fallypride英语Fallypride
  • Hydroxyzine (Vistaril, Atarax)
  • Itopride英语Itopride
  • L-741,626英语L-741,626 – highly selective D2 antagonist
  • C11 Raclopride英语Raclopride radiolabled – commonly employed in positron emission tomography studies[24]
  • Typical antipsychotics英语Typical antipsychotics
  • SV 293[25]
  • Yohimbine
D2sh selective (presynaptic autoreceptors)

異位調控因子

Functionally selective ligands

  • 參見參考文獻[31]

Protein–protein interactions

多巴胺受体 D2 已被证明与EPB41L1英语EPB41L1[32]PPP1R9B英语PPP1R9B[33]NCS-1英语NCS-1 相互作用[34]

Receptor oligomers

The D2 receptor forms receptor heterodimers英语GPCR oligomer in vivo (in living animals) with other G protein-coupled receptors; these include:[35]

  • D1–D2 dopamine receptor heteromer英语D1–D2 dopamine receptor heteromer
  • D2–adenosine A2A
  • D2ghrelin receptor英语ghrelin receptor
  • D2shTAAR1英语TAAR1[note 1]

The D2 receptor has been shown to form hetorodimers in vitro (and possibly in vivo) with DRD3英语Dopamine D3 receptor,[38]DRD5英语Dopamine receptor D5,[39]and 5-HT2A英语5-HT2A receptor.[40]

註釋

  1. ^ D2sh–TAAR1 is a presynaptic heterodimer which involves the relocation of TAAR1 from the intracellular space to D2sh at the plasma membrane, increased D2sh agonist binding affinity, and signal transduction through the calcium–PKCNFAT pathway and G-protein independent PKBGSK3英语GSK3 pathway.[36][37]

參考文獻

  1. ^ 與多巴胺受體D2相關的疾病;在維基數據上查看/編輯參考. 
  2. ^ 對Dopamine receptor D2, isoform CRA_c起作用的藥物;在維基數據上查看/編輯參考. 
  3. ^ 對dopamine receptor D2起作用的藥物;在維基數據上查看/編輯參考. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000149295 - Ensembl, May 2017
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000032259 - Ensembl, May 2017
  6. ^ Human PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. 
  7. ^ Mouse PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. 
  8. ^ Madras BK. History of the discovery of the antipsychotic dopamine D2 receptor: a basis for the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia. Journal of the History of the Neurosciences. 2013, 22 (1): 62–78. PMID 23323533. doi:10.1080/0964704X.2012.678199. 
  9. ^ Usiello A, Baik JH, Rougé-Pont F, Picetti R, Dierich A, LeMeur M, Piazza PV, Borrelli E. Distinct functions of the two isoforms of dopamine D2 receptors. Nature. Nov 2000, 408 (6809): 199–203. PMID 11089973. doi:10.1038/35041572. 
  10. ^ Saab BJ, Georgiou J, Nath A, Lee FJ, Wang M, Michalon A, Liu F, Mansuy IM, Roder JC. NCS-1 in the dentate gyrus promotes exploration, synaptic plasticity, and rapid acquisition of spatial memory. Neuron. Sep 2009, 63 (5): 643–56. PMID 19755107. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2009.08.014. 
  11. ^ Wiemerslage L, Schultz BJ, Ganguly A, Lee D. Selective degeneration of dopaminergic neurons by MPP(+) and its rescue by D2 autoreceptors in Drosophila primary culture. Journal of Neurochemistry. Aug 2013, 126 (4): 529–40. PMID 23452092. doi:10.1111/jnc.12228. 
  12. ^ Entrez Gene: DRD2 dopamine receptor D2. (原始内容存档于2010-03-07). 
  13. ^ 13.0 13.1 13.2 Beaulieu JM, Gainetdinov RR. The physiology, signaling, and pharmacology of dopamine receptors. Pharmacological Reviews. Mar 2011, 63 (1): 182–217. PMID 21303898. doi:10.1124/pr.110.002642. 
  14. ^ UniProt P14416
  15. ^ Duan J, Wainwright MS, Comeron JM, Saitou N, Sanders AR, Gelernter J, Gejman PV. Synonymous mutations in the human dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) affect mRNA stability and synthesis of the receptor. Human Molecular Genetics. Feb 2003, 12 (3): 205–16. PMID 12554675. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddg055. 
  16. ^ Arinami T, Gao M, Hamaguchi H, Toru M. A functional polymorphism in the promoter region of the dopamine D2 receptor gene is associated with schizophrenia. Human Molecular Genetics. Apr 1997, 6 (4): 577–82. PMID 9097961. doi:10.1093/hmg/6.4.577. 
  17. ^ Glatt SJ, Faraone SV, Tsuang MT. DRD2 -141C insertion/deletion polymorphism is not associated with schizophrenia: results of a meta-analysis. American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric Genetics. Jul 2004, 128B (1): 21–3. PMID 15211624. doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30007. 
  18. ^ Lucht M, Rosskopf D. Comment on "Genetically determined differences in learning from errors". Science. Jul 2008, 321 (5886): 200; author reply 200. PMID 18621654. doi:10.1126/science.1155372. 
  19. ^ Wang J, Liu ZL, Chen B. Association study of dopamine D2, D3 receptor gene polymorphisms with motor fluctuations in PD. Neurology. Jun 2001, 56 (12): 1757–9. PMID 11425949. doi:10.1212/WNL.56.12.1757. 
  20. ^ Wang J, Zhao C, Chen B, Liu ZL. Polymorphisms of dopamine receptor and transporter genes and hallucinations in Parkinson's disease. Neuroscience Letters. Jan 2004, 355 (3): 193–6. PMID 14732464. doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2003.11.006. 
  21. ^ Clinical Pharmacology for Abilify. RxList.com. 2010-01-21 [2010-01-21]. (原始内容存档于2010-01-18). 
  22. ^ Holmes IP, Blunt RJ, Lorthioir OE, Blowers SM, Gribble A, Payne AH, Stansfield IG, Wood M, Woollard PM, Reavill C, Howes CM, Micheli F, Di Fabio R, Donati D, Terreni S, Hamprecht D, Arista L, Worby A, Watson SP. The identification of a selective dopamine D2 partial agonist, D3 antagonist displaying high levels of brain exposure. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. Mar 2010, 20 (6): 2013–6. PMID 20153647. doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.01.090. 
  23. ^ Giacomelli S, Palmery M, Romanelli L, Cheng CY, Silvestrini B. Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a partial agonist of D2 dopaminergic receptors and it potentiates dopamine-mediated prolactin secretion in lactotrophs in vitro. Life Sciences. 1998, 63 (3): 215–22. PMID 9698051. doi:10.1016/S0024-3205(98)00262-8. 
  24. ^ Wang GJ, Volkow ND, Thanos PK, Fowler JS. Similarity between obesity and drug addiction as assessed by neurofunctional imaging: a concept review. Journal of Addictive Diseases. 2004, 23 (3): 39–53. PMID 15256343. doi:10.1300/J069v23n03_04. 
  25. ^ Huang R, Griffin SA, Taylor M, Vangveravong S, Mach RH, Dillon GH, Luedtke RR. The effect of SV 293, a D2 dopamine receptor-selective antagonist, on D2 receptor-mediated GIRK channel activation and adenylyl cyclase inhibition. Pharmacology. 2013, 92 (1–2): 84–9. PMID 23942137. doi:10.1159/000351971. 
  26. ^ Agnati LF, Ferré S, Genedani S, Leo G, Guidolin D, Filaferro M, Carriba P, Casadó V, Lluis C, Franco R, Woods AS, Fuxe K. Allosteric modulation of dopamine D2 receptors by homocysteine. Journal of Proteome Research. Nov 2006, 5 (11): 3077–83. PMID 17081059. doi:10.1021/pr0601382. 
  27. ^ Beyaert MG, Daya RP, Dyck BA, Johnson RL, Mishra RK. PAOPA, a potent dopamine D2 receptor allosteric modulator, prevents and reverses behavioral and biochemical abnormalities in an amphetamine–sensitized preclinical animal model of schizophrenia. European Neuropsychopharmacology. Mar 2013, 23 (3): 253–62. PMID 22658400. doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2012.04.010. 
  28. ^ Lane JR, Donthamsetti P, Shonberg J, Draper-Joyce CJ, Dentry S, Michino M, Shi L, López L, Scammells PJ, Capuano B, Sexton PM, Javitch JA, Christopoulos A. A new mechanism of allostery in a G protein–coupled receptor dimer. Nature Chemical Biology. Sep 2014, 10 (9): 745–52. PMID 25108820. doi:10.1038/nchembio.1593. 
  29. ^ Maggio R, Scarselli M, Capannolo M, Millan MJ. Novel dimensions of D3 receptor function: Focus on heterodimerisation, transactivation and allosteric modulation. European Neuropsychopharmacology. Sep 2015, 25 (9): 1470–9. PMID 25453482. doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.09.016. 
  30. ^ Silvano E, Millan MJ, Mannoury la Cour C, Han Y, Duan L, Griffin SA, Luedtke RR, Aloisi G, Rossi M, Zazzeroni F, Javitch JA, Maggio R. The tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative SB269,652 is an allosteric antagonist at dopamine D3 and D2 receptors. Molecular Pharmacology. Nov 2010, 78 (5): 925–34. PMC 2981362可免费查阅. PMID 20702763. doi:10.1124/mol.110.065755. 
  31. ^ Möller D, Kling RC, Skultety M, Leuner K, Hübner H, Gmeiner P. Functionally selective dopamine D₂, D₃ receptor partial agonists. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. Jun 2014, 57 (11): 4861–75. PMID 24831693. doi:10.1021/jm5004039. 
  32. ^ Binda AV, Kabbani N, Lin R, Levenson R. D2 and D3 dopamine receptor cell surface localization mediated by interaction with protein 4.1N. Molecular Pharmacology. Sep 2002, 62 (3): 507–13. PMID 12181426. doi:10.1124/mol.62.3.507. 
  33. ^ Smith FD, Oxford GS, Milgram SL. Association of the D2 dopamine receptor third cytoplasmic loop with spinophilin, a protein phosphatase-1-interacting protein. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. Jul 1999, 274 (28): 19894–900. PMID 10391935. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.28.19894. 
  34. ^ Kabbani N, Negyessy L, Lin R, Goldman-Rakic P, Levenson R. Interaction with neuronal calcium sensor NCS-1 mediates desensitization of the D2 dopamine receptor. The Journal of Neuroscience. Oct 2002, 22 (19): 8476–86. PMID 12351722. 
  35. ^ Beaulieu JM, Espinoza S, Gainetdinov RR. Dopamine receptors - IUPHAR Review 13. British Journal of Pharmacology. Jan 2015, 172 (1): 1–23. PMC 4280963可免费查阅. PMID 25671228. doi:10.1111/bph.12906. 
  36. ^ Grandy DK, Miller GM, Li JX. "TAARgeting Addiction"-The Alamo Bears Witness to Another Revolution: An Overview of the Plenary Symposium of the 2015 Behavior, Biology and Chemistry Conference. Drug Alcohol Depend. February 2016, 159: 9–16. PMID 26644139. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.11.014. This original observation of TAAR1 and DA D2R interaction has subsequently been confirmed and expanded upon with observations that both receptors can heterodimerize with each other under certain conditions ... Additional DA D2R/TAAR1 interactions with functional consequences are revealed by the results of experiments demonstrating that in addition to the cAMP/PKA pathway (Panas et al., 2012) stimulation of TAAR1-mediated signaling is linked to activation of the Ca++/PKC/NFAT pathway (Panas et al.,2012) and the DA D2R-coupled, G protein-independent AKT/GSK3 signaling pathway (Espinoza et al., 2015; Harmeier et al., 2015), such that concurrent TAAR1 and DA DR2R activation could result in diminished signaling in one pathway (e.g. cAMP/PKA) but retention of signaling through another (e.g., Ca++/PKC/NFA) 
  37. ^ Harmeier A, Obermueller S, Meyer CA, Revel FG, Buchy D, Chaboz S, Dernick G, Wettstein JG, Iglesias A, Rolink A, Bettler B, Hoener MC. Trace amine-associated receptor 1 activation silences GSK3β signaling of TAAR1 and D2R heteromers. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2015, 25 (11): 2049–61. PMID 26372541. doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.08.011. Interaction of TAAR1 with D2R altered the subcellular localization of TAAR1 and increased D2R agonist binding affinity. 
  38. ^ Maggio R, Millan MJ. Dopamine D2-D3 receptor heteromers: pharmacological properties and therapeutic significance. Current Opinion in Pharmacology. Feb 2010, 10 (1): 100–7. PMID 19896900. doi:10.1016/j.coph.2009.10.001. 
  39. ^ Hasbi A, O'Dowd BF, George SR. Heteromerization of dopamine D2 receptors with dopamine D1 or D5 receptors generates intracellular calcium signaling by different mechanisms. Current Opinion in Pharmacology. Feb 2010, 10 (1): 93–9. PMC 2818238可免费查阅. PMID 19897420. doi:10.1016/j.coph.2009.09.011. 
  40. ^ Albizu L, Holloway T, González-Maeso J, Sealfon SC. Functional crosstalk and heteromerization of serotonin 5-HT2A and dopamine D2 receptors. Neuropharmacology. Sep 2011, 61 (4): 770–7. PMC 3556730可免费查阅. PMID 21645528. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.05.023. 

外部連結

  • 醫學主題詞表(MeSH):Receptors,+Dopamine+D2
  • Pappas, Stephanie. Study: Genes Influence Who Your Friends Are. Imaginova Corp. LiveScience. [20 January 2011]. 


多巴胺受體D2引用了美国国家医学图书馆提供的資料,这些資料属于公共领域

类型A:类视紫红质受体
神经递质英语Neurotransmitter receptor
  • α1英语Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor
    • A
    • B英语Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor
    • D英语Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor
  • α2英语Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor
    • A英语Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor
    • B英语Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor
    • C英语Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor
  • β1英语Beta-1 adrenergic receptor
  • β2英语Beta-2 adrenergic receptor
  • β3英语Beta-3 adrenergic receptor
  • 腺苷受體
  • P2Y英语P2Y receptor
    • 1英语P2RY1
    • 2英语P2RY2
    • 4英语P2RY4
    • 5英语LPAR6
    • 6英语P2RY6
    • 8英语P2RY8
    • 9英语GPR23
    • 10英语P2RY10
    • 11英语P2RY11
    • 12英语P2Y12
    • 13英语P2RY13
    • 14英语P2RY14
  • 除5-HT3之外:5-HT1英语5-HT1 receptor
    • A
    • B
    • D
    • E
    • F
  • 5-HT2
    • A
    • B
    • C
  • 5-HT
    • 4
    • 5A
    • 6
    • 7
其它
  • 乙酰胆碱
    • M1
    • M2
    • M3
    • M4
    • M5
  • 多巴胺英语Dopamine receptor
    • D1
    • D2
    • D3
    • D4
    • D5
  • 组胺英语Histamine receptor
    • H1
    • H2
    • H3
    • H4
  • 褪黑素英语Melatonin receptor
    • 1A
    • 1B
    • 1C
  • 痕量胺相关受体
    • 1英语TAAR1
    • 2英语TAAR2
    • 3英语TAAR3
    • 5英语TAAR5
    • 6英语TAAR6
    • 8英语TAAR8
    • 9英语TAAR9
代谢物及
信号分子
花生酸
  • 半胱氨酰白三烯素
    • 1
    • 2
  • LTB4
    • 1
    • 2
  • FPRL1
  • 酮基花生酸
  • 前列腺素
    • D型
      • 1
      • 2
    • E型
      • 1
      • 2
      • 3
      • 4
    • FP
  • 前列腺环素
  • 血栓素
其它
  • 胆汁酸
  • 大麻碱
    • 1
    • 2
    • 未命名
      • 18英语GPR18
      • 55英语GPR55
      • 119英语GPR119
  • EB病毒诱导2英语GPR183
  • 雌激素英语GPR30
  • 游离脂肪酸
    • 1
    • 2
    • 3
    • 4
  • 乳酸英语GPR81
  • 溶血磷脂酸
    • 1
    • 2
    • 3
    • 4
    • 5
    • 6
  • 溶血磷脂受体
    • 1英语S1PR1
    • 2
    • 3英语S1PR3
    • 4
    • 5英语S1PR2
    • 6英语S1PR4
    • 7
    • 8英语S1PR5
  • 烟酸
    • 1
    • 2
  • 酮戊二酸英语OXGR1
  • 血小板活化因子
  • 鞘氨醇基-1-磷酸盐
    • 1英语S1PR1
    • 2英语S1PR2
    • 3英语S1PR3
    • 4英语S1PR4
    • 5英语S1PR5
  • 琥珀酸英语SUCNR1
神经肽
  • B/W
    • 1
    • 2
  • FF
    • 1
    • 2
  • S
  • Y
    • 1
    • 2
    • 4
    • 5
  • 神经调节肽
    • B
    • U
      • 1
      • 2
  • 神经降压素
    • 1
    • 2
其它
杂项
  • G蛋白耦合受体
    • 1英语GPR1
    • 3英语GPR3
    • 4英语GPR4
    • 6英语GPR6
    • 12英语GPR12
    • 15英语GPR15
    • 17英语GPR17
    • 18英语GPR18
    • 19英语GPR19
    • 20英语GPR20
    • 21英语GPR21
    • 22英语GPR22
    • 23
    • 25英语GPR25
    • 26英语GPR26
    • 27英语GPR27
    • 31英语GPR31
    • 32英语GPR32
    • 33英语GPR33
    • 34英语GPR34
    • 35英语GPR35
    • 37英语GPR37
    • 39英语GPR39
    • 42英语GPR42
    • 44英语GPR44
    • 45英语GPR45
    • 50英语GPR50
    • 52英语GPR52
    • 55英语GPR55
    • 61英语GPR61
    • 62英语GPR62
    • 63英语GPR63
    • 65英语GPR65
    • 68英语GPR68
    • 75英语GPR75
    • 77英语GPR77
    • 78英语GPR78
    • 81英语GPR81
    • 82英语GPR82
    • 83英语GPR83
    • 84英语GPR84
    • 85英语GPR85
    • 87英语GPR87
    • 88英语GPR88
    • 92
    • 101英语GPR101
    • 103
    • 109A
    • 109B
    • 119英语GPR119
    • 120英语GPR120
    • 132英语GPR132
    • 135英语GPR135
    • 137B英语GPR137B
    • 139英语GPR139
    • 141英语GPR141
    • 142英语GPR142
    • 146英语GPR146
    • 148英语GPR148
    • 149英语GPR149
    • 150英语GPR150
    • 151英语GPR151
    • 152英语GPR152
    • 153英语GPR153
    • 160英语GPR160
    • 161英语GPR161
    • 162英语GPR162
    • 171英语GPR171
    • 173英语GPR173
    • 174英语GPR174
    • 176英语GPR176
    • 177英语GPR177
    • 182英语GPR182
    • 183英语GPR183
其它
  • 肾上腺髓质素英语GPR182
  • 嗅觉
  • 视蛋白
    • 3
    • 4
    • 5
    • 1长波
    • 1中波
    • 1短波
    • RGR
    • 类视色素受体(周视蛋白)
  • 蛋白酶激活英语[Protease-activated receptor]]
    • 1
    • 2
    • 3
    • 4
  • 大脑特异表达
类型B:类分泌素受体
  • G蛋白耦合受体
    • 56英语GPR56
    • 64英语GPR64
    • 97英语GPR97
    • 98英语GPR98
    • 110英语GPR110
    • 111英语GPR111
    • 112英语GPR112
    • 113英语GPR113
    • 114英语GPR114
    • 115英语GPR115
    • 116英语GPR116
    • 123英语GPR123
    • 124英语GPR124
    • 125英语GPR125
    • 126英语GPR126
    • 128英语GPR128
    • 133英语GPR133
    • 143英语GPR143
    • 144英语GPR144
    • 155英语GPR155
    • 157英语GPR157
其它
  • 脑血管生成抑制受体
    • 1
    • 2
    • 3
  • 钙粘蛋白
    • 1
    • 2
    • 3
  • 降钙素
  • 降钙素受体类似受体
  • CD97英语CD97
  • 促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素
    • 1
    • 2
  • EMR
    • 1
    • 2
    • 3
  • 胰高血糖激素
    • 胰高血糖激素
    • 抑胃多肽
    • 胰高血糖激素类肽1
    • 胰高血糖激素类肽2
  • 生长激素释放激素
  • PACAPR1
  • GPR
  • 蛛毒素
    • 1
    • 2
    • 3
    • 表皮生长因子/蛛毒素/7跨膜域集合受体1
  • 抗衰老类蛋白
  • 甲状旁腺激素
    • 1
    • 2
  • 促胰液素
  • 血管活性肠肽
    • 1
    • 2
类型C英语Class C GPCR代谢型谷氨酸受体
信息素
  • TAS1R(甜味)
    • 1英语TAS1R1
    • 2英语TAS1R2
    • 3英语TAS1R3
  • TAS2R(苦味)
    • 1英语TAS2R1
    • 3英语TAS2R3
    • 4英语TAS2R4
    • 5英语TAS2R5
    • 8英语TAS2R8
    • 9英语TAS2R9
    • 10英语TAS2R10
    • 12英语TAS2R12
    • 13英语TAS2R13
    • 14
    • 16
    • 19
    • 20
    • 30
    • 31
    • 38
    • 39
    • 40
    • 41
    • 42
    • 43
    • 45
    • 46
    • 50
    • 60
其它
  • 钙敏感受体
  • γ-氨基丁酸B
    • 1
    • 2
  • 谷氨酸受体
  • G蛋白耦合受体C族6组A型
  • GPR
    • 156英语GPR156
    • 158英语GPR158
    • 179英语GPR179
  • RAIG
    • 1
    • 2
    • 3
    • 4
类型F:
卷曲平滑英语Smoothened受体
卷曲
  • 卷曲受体
    • 1英语FZD1
    • 2英语FZD2
    • 3英语FZD3
    • 4英语FZD4
    • 5英语FZD5
    • 6英语FZD6
    • 7英语FZD7
    • 8英语FZD8
    • 9英语FZD9
    • 10英语FZD10
平滑
  • 平滑受体英语Smoothened
 
信号转导索引
描述
  • 胞外
    • 神經肽
    • 生长因子
    • 细胞因子
    • 激素
  • 細胞表面受體英语Template:Cell surface receptors
    • 配体门控离子通道
    • 酶联受體
    • G蛋白偶聯受體
    • 免疫球蛋白超家族英语Template:Immunoglobulin superfamily immune receptors
    • 整合素
    • 神經肽受體
    • 生長因子受體
    • 细胞因子受體
  • 胞內
    • 受體蛋白英语Template:Signal transducing adaptor proteins
    • GTP-binding英语Template:GTP-binding protein regulators
    • MAP激酶
  • 鈣信號
  • 脂質系號
  • 路徑
    • hedgehog
    • Wnt
    • TGF-β
    • MAPK ERK英语Template:MAPK ERK signaling pathway
    • notch英语Template:Notch signaling pathway
    • JAK-STAT
    • 細胞凋亡
    • hippo英语Template:Hippo signaling pathway
    • TLR
  • Template:Dopaminergics