Sejumlah nama tempat di Alkitab seperti Yerusalem, Athena, Damaskus, Alexandria, dan Roma telah digunakan selama berabad-abad, tetapi banyak nama kuno telah berubah memasuki zaman modern ini.
Perjanjian Lama
Nama di Alkitab | Disebut dalam | Nama sekarang | Provinsi/Region | Nama negara |
Ai[1] | Yosua 7:2 | Khirbet Haiy;[2] others say, Et-Tell[3] | Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate | Teritorial Palestina |
Almon[4] | Yosua 21:18 | Khirbet Almit[5] | Teritorial Palestina |
Babel | Yeremia 50:1 – 50:46 | Hillah[6] | Babil Governorate | Irak |
Bet-Arbel[7] | Hosea 10:14 | Irbid[8] | Irbid Governorate | Yordania |
Beth-tappuah[9] | Yosua 15:53 | Taffuh[10] | Hebron Governorate | Teritorial Palestina |
Bozrah[11] | Amos 1:12 | Bouseira[12] | Tafilah Governorate | Yordania |
Chezib[13] | Kejadian 38:5 | Khirbet Ghazy[14] | Jerusalem District | Israel |
Kutha[15] | 2 Raja–raja 17:24 | Tell Ibrahim[16] | Babil Governorate | Irak |
Dedan[17] | Yehezkiel 38:13 | Al-'Ula[18] | Al Madinah Region | Arab Saudi |
Ahmeta[19] | Ezra 6:2 | Hamadan[20] | Hamadan Province | Iran |
Elim[21] | Keluaran 16:1 | Wadi Gharandel[22] | South Sinai Governorate | Mesir |
Erech[23] | Kejadian 10:10 | Uruk[24] | Al Muthanna Governorate | Irak |
Etam[25] | 2 Tawarikh 11:6 | Kolam Salomo[26][27] | Bethlehem Governorate | Teritorial Palestina |
Gath | Yosua 13:3 | Ramla[28][29] | Distrik Tengah | Israel |
Gerar | Kejadian 10:19 | Haluza[30] | Southern District | Israel |
Gilo | Yosua 15:51 | Beit Jala[31][32] | Bethlehem Governorate | Teritorial Palestina |
Gozan[33] | 1 Tawarikh 5:26 | Tell Halaf | Al Hasakah Governorate | Suriah |
Harosheth Haggoyim[34] | Hakim–hakim 4:13 | El Ahwat[35] | Haifa District | Israel |
Hamath[36] | 2 Samuel 8:9 | Hama[37] | Hama Governorate | Suriah |
Hammath[38] | Yosua 19:35 | Tiberias[39] | Northern District | Israel |
Hazezon-tamar[40] | Kejadian 14:7 | Ein Gedi[41] | Southern District | Israel |
Iron | Yosua 19:38 | Yaroun[42] | Nabatieh Governorate | Lebanon |
Joppa[43] | Yunus 1:3 | Jaffa[44] | Tel Aviv District | Israel |
Kadesh[45] | Bilangan 20:1 | Petra[46] | Ma'an Governorate | Yordania |
Kedesh-naphtali | Hakim–hakim 4:6 | Kedesh[47] | Northern District | Israel |
Kir-Moab[48] | Yesaya 15:1 | Al Karak[49] | Karak Governorate | Yordania |
Kiryat-Yearim | Yosua 9:17 | Abu Ghosh[50] | Jerusalem District | Israel |
Kitron[51] | Hakim–hakim 1:30 | Sepphoris[52] | Northern District | Israel |
Laish/Leshem[53][54] | Hakim–hakim 18:29 & Yosua 19:47 | Tel Dan (Banias)[55] | Northern District | Israel |
Medeba[56][57] | Bilangan 21:30 & Yosua 13:9 | Madaba[58] | Madaba Governorate | Yordania |
Nephtoah[59] | Yosua 15:9 | Lifta[60][61] | Jerusalem District | Israel |
Tebe (= No) | Yehezkiel 30:14 | Alexandria[62] | Alexandria Governorate | Mesir |
Memfis (= Nof) | Yesaya 19:13 | Memphis[63][64] | Giza Governorate | Mesir |
No-amon/Thebes[65][66] | Yehezkiel 30:16 & Nahum 3:8 | Luxor | Luxor Governorate | Mesir |
On/Awen[67] | Kejadian 46:20 | Ayn Shams[68] | Cairo Governorate | Mesir |
Ono | 1 Tawarikh 8:12 | Or Yehuda[69] | Distrik Tengah | Israel |
Ophir | Ayub 22:24 | Sri Lanka[70] | Island country | Sri Lanka |
Pi-beseth/Bubastis | Yehezkiel 30:17 | Tell Basta[71] | Al Sharqia Governorate | Mesir |
Qiryat Arba[72] | Yosua 14:15 | Hebron[73] | Hebron Governorate | Teritorial Palestina |
Raba | Amos 1:14 | Amman[74] | Amman Governorate | Yordania |
Rakkath | Yosua 19:35 | Tiberias[75] | Northern District | Israel |
Sarepta[76][77] | 1 Raja–raja 17:9 & Obaja 1:20 | Sarafand | Southern Governorate | Lebanon |
Seba (Saba)[78] | Mazmur 72:10 | Meroë[79] | River Nile Governorate | Sudan |
Sheba[80] | 1 Raja–raja 10:1 | Ma'rib[81] | Ma'rib Governorate | Yemen |
Shechem | Kejadian 12:6 | Nablus[82] | Nablus Governorate | Teritorial Palestina |
Shiloah[83] | Yesaya 8:6 | Silwan | Jerusalem Governorate |
Shomron (Samaria) | 1 Raja–raja 16:24 | Sebaste[84] | Nablus Governorate | Teritorial Palestina |
Sin/Pelusium | Yehezkiel 30:15 | Tell el Farama[85] | North Sinai Governorate | Mesir |
Susa[86] | Nehemia 1:1 | Shush[87] | Khūzestān Province | Iran |
Syene[88] | Yehezkiel 29:10, 30:6 | Aswan[89] | Aswan Governorate | Mesir |
Tadmor[90] | 2 Tawarikh 8:4 | Palmyra[91][92] | Homs Governorate | Suriah |
Tahpanhes[93] | Yeremia 44:1 | Tell Defenneh[94] | Dakahlia Governorate | Mesir |
Timna[95] | Hakim–hakim 14:1 | Khirbet Tibneh[96] | Distrik Tengah | Israel |
Timnat-Heres[97] | Yosua 19:50 | Kifl Haris[98][99][100] | Salfit Governorate | Teritorial Palestina |
Ur-Kasdim[101][102] | Kejadian 11:31 & Nehemia 9:7 | Tell el Muqayyar | Dhi Qar Governorate | Irak |
Zephathah (Zephath)[103] | 2 Tawarikh 14:10 | Tell es-Safi | Distrik Tengah | Israel |
Zidim | Yosua 19:35 | Hittin[104] | Northern District | Israel |
Soan[105] | Bilangan 13:22 | Tanis[106] | Al Sharqia Governorate | Mesir |
Zora | Yosua 15:33 | Sar'a[107][108] | Distrik Tengah | Israel |
Perjanjian Baru
Lihat pula
Referensi
- ^ "Joshua 7 / Hebrew - English Bible / Mechon-Mamre". mechon-mamre.org.
- ^ W.F. Birch, On the Identification of "Ai", Palestine Exploration Fund - Quarterly Statement for 1877, London 1878, pp. 132–133.
- ^ Watson E. Mills & Roger Aubrey Bullard, Mercer Dictionary of the Bible, Mercer University Press 1990, p. 18 ISBN 978-0-86554-373-7
- ^ "Joshua 21 / Hebrew - English Bible / Mechon-Mamre". mechon-mamre.org.
- ^ "The Cities of the Tribe of Benjamin". www.jewish-history.com.
- ^ Babylon
- ^ "Hosea 10 / Hebrew - English Bible / Mechon-Mamre". mechon-mamre.org.
- ^ "Bible Map: Beth-arbel". bibleatlas.org.
- ^ "Joshua 15 / Hebrew - English Bible / Mechon-Mamre". mechon-mamre.org.
- ^ Lihat halaman 310 dalam:Conder, Claude Reignier; Kitchener, Herbert H. (1883). The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology. 3. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- ^ "Amos 1 / Hebrew - English Bible / Mechon-Mamre". mechon-mamre.org.
- ^ "Bible Map: Bozrah". bibleatlas.org.
- ^ "Genesis 38 / Hebrew - English Bible / Mechon-Mamre". mechon-mamre.org.
- ^ Eusebius, Onomasticon - The Place Names of Divine Scripture, (ed.) R. Steven Notley & Ze'ev Safrai, Brill: Leiden 2005, p. 161 (§945), note 945
- ^ "2 Kings 17 / Hebrew - English Bible / Mechon-Mamre". mechon-mamre.org.
- ^ "Bible Map: Cuthah". bibleatlas.org.
- ^ "Ezekiel 38 / Hebrew - English Bible / Mechon-Mamre". mechon-mamre.org.
- ^ "The Incense Road: Dedan". nabataea.net.
- ^ "Ezra 6 / Hebrew - English Bible / Mechon-Mamre". mechon-mamre.org.
- ^ "Salinan arsip". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2008-04-22. Diakses tanggal 2018-06-14.
- ^ "Exodus 16 / Hebrew - English Bible / Mechon-Mamre". mechon-mamre.org.
- ^ "Lion Tracks Photo QnA -- Elim. Second stop in the Sinai wilderness after crossing the Red Sea during the exodus from Egypt". www.bibleistrue.com.
- ^ "Genesis 10 / Hebrew - English Bible / Mechon-Mamre". mechon-mamre.org.
- ^ "Bible Map: Erech". bibleatlas.org.
- ^ "2 Chronicles 11 / Hebrew - English Bible / Mechon-Mamre". mechon-mamre.org.
- ^ Flavius Yosefus, Antiquitates Iudaicae (Buku viii, bab vii, paragraf 3; 8:186); Burial Places of the Fathers, published by Yehuda Levi Nahum dalam buku: Ṣohar la-ḥasifat ginzei teiman (Heb. צהר לחשיפת גנזי תימן), Tel-Aviv 1986, p. 253, who quotes from an ancient rabbinic source: "Between Beth-Lehem and Hebron is the great pool, being the [water] duct that Hezekiah made, and the pool that he made, and it is [known as] Ein Etam." Rashi, who had not seen Josephus' writings, surmised that Ein Etam was the place known as "the waters of Nephtoah" (cf. Rashi's commentary on Yoma 31a and Zevahim 54b, s.v. עין עיטם); see also Rashi's comments on Joshua 15:8 and Deuteronomy 33.
- ^ Victor Guérin, Description de la Palestine, Judée, Description de la Judée, Paris 1869, pp. 104–119, 303–309
- ^ Ishtori Haparchi, Kaphtor u'ferach, vol. II, chapter 11, s.v. ויבנה בארץ פלשתים, (3rd edition) Jerusalem 2007, p. 78 (Hebrew)
- ^ B. Mazar (1954). "Gath and Gittaim". Israel Exploration Journal. 4 (3/4): 227–235.
- ^ Rabbi Saadia Gaon's Judeo-Arabic Translation of the word Gerar (Judeo-Arabic: אלכ'לוץ = al-Khalūṣ) in the Pentateuch (Tafsir), s.v. Genesis 10:19, Genesis 20:2, Genesis 26:17, 20. On Haluza's proximity to Gerar, see: M. Naor, Gerar — Tell el Far'a, Bulletin of the Israel Exploration Society (1955), pp. 99–102 (Hebrew)
- ^ Victor Guérin, Description de la Palestine, Judée, Description de la Judée, Paris 1869, p. 298; See: Guérin, Victor (1869). Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine (dalam bahasa French). 1: Judee, pt. 3. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale. Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link) Others identify Giloh with Khirbet Jala, ca. 8 km. (5 mi.) north, northwest of Hebron. See: David Noel Freedman and Allen C. Myers, Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible, Grand Rapids 2000, p. 505 (s.v. Giloh) ISBN 0-8028-2400-5
- ^ Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible. Wm. B. Eerdmans. 2000. hlm. 505. ISBN 0-8028-2400-5.
- ^ "1 Chronicles 5 / Hebrew - English Bible / Mechon-Mamre". mechon-mamre.org.
- ^ "Judges 4 / Hebrew - English Bible / Mechon-Mamre". mechon-mamre.org.
- ^ "Long time archaeological riddle solved".
- ^ "2 Samuel 8 / Hebrew - English Bible / Mechon-Mamre". mechon-mamre.org.
- ^ "Bible Map: Hamath". bibleatlas.org.
- ^ "Joshua 19 / Hebrew - English Bible / Mechon-Mamre". mechon-mamre.org.
- ^ Jerusalem Talmud, Erubin 5:7; Tosefta, Erubin 7:2; cf. Jerusalem Talmud, Megillah 1:1 (2a). Hammath was, originally, an independent town (separate from Rakkath where Tiberias stands), but the suburbs of both towns merged into one. The Jerusalem Talmud mentions that Hammath was within the Sabbath-day walking distance, meaning, less than 1 biblical mile from Tiberias.
- ^ "Genesis 14 / Hebrew - English Bible / Mechon-Mamre". mechon-mamre.org.
- ^ Targum Onkelos on Genesis 14:7; Targum Pseudo-Jonathan Ben-Uzziel on Genesis 7:14 and II Chronicles 20:2.
- ^ "Bible Map: Yiron". bibleatlas.org.
- ^ "Jonah 1 / Hebrew - English Bible / Mechon-Mamre". mechon-mamre.org.
- ^ "Bible Map: Joppa". bibleatlas.org.
- ^ Nama tempat diterjemahkan oleh Onkelos dalam semua penyebutan sebagai Rekem (Ibrani: רקם). Tidak sama dengan Kadesh di Upper Galilee.
- ^ Flavius, Josephus. "Antiquities of the Jews (iv.vii.§1)". Loeb Classical Library, London 1961. Tidak memiliki atau membutuhkan
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(bantuan) (lihat: Josephus. "Jewish Antiquities". doi:10.4159/DLCL.josephus-jewish_antiquities.1930. Diakses tanggal 6 August 2016. – via digital Loeb Classical Library (perlu berlangganan) ) - ^ A. Neubauer, La Géographie du Talmud, Paris 1868, pp. 224–225
- ^ "Isaiah 15 / Hebrew - English Bible / Mechon-Mamre". mechon-mamre.org.
- ^ "Bible Map: Kir". bibleatlas.org.
- ^ Encyclopaedia Judaica (vol. 2), Jerusalem 1971, p. 182 (s.v. Abu Ghosh)
- ^ "Judges 1 / Hebrew - English Bible / Mechon-Mamre". mechon-mamre.org.
- ^ Ishtori Haparchi, Kaphtor u'ferach, vol. II (3rd edition, published by ed. Avraham Yosef Havatzelet), chapter 11, Jerusalem 2007, p. 64 (Hebrew), where he cites the Babylonian Talmud (Megillah 6a).
- ^ "Judges 18 / Hebrew - English Bible / Mechon-Mamre". mechon-mamre.org.
- ^ "Joshua 19 / Hebrew - English Bible / Mechon-Mamre". www.mechon-mamre.org.
- ^ Ishtori Haparchi, Kaphtor u'ferach, vol. II (3rd edition, published by ed. Avraham Yosef Havatzelet), chapter 11, Jerusalem 2007, p. 53 (Hebrew)
- ^ "Numbers 21 / Hebrew - English Bible / Mechon-Mamre". mechon-mamre.org.
- ^ "Joshua 13 / Hebrew - English Bible / Mechon-Mamre". mechon-mamre.org.
- ^ "Visit Madaba". www.visitmadaba.org. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2008-03-19.
- ^ "Joshua 15 / Hebrew - English Bible / Mechon-Mamre". mechon-mamre.org.
- ^ List of Geographical Names, (A Memo of the National Committee to the Government of the Land of Israel on the Method of Spelling Transliterated Geographical and Personal Names, plus Two Lists of Geographical Names), Lĕšonénu: A Journal for the Study of the Hebrew Language and Cognate Subjects, Benjamin Maisler, Tel-Aviv 1932, p. 51
- ^ See p. 51 in: Maisler, Benjamin (1932). "A Memo of the National Committee to the Government of the Land of Israel on the Method of Spelling Transliterated Geographical and Personal Names, plus Two Lists of Geographical Names". Lĕšonénu: A Journal for the Study of the Hebrew Language and Cognate Subjects. 4 (3): 1–92. JSTOR 24384308 – via JSTOR. (Perlu mendaftar (help)). (Hebrew)
- ^ Jonathan ben Uzziel's Aramaic Targum on Ezekiel 30:14; Commentary of Rabbi David Kimhi (RADAK) on Ezekiel 30:14. Jewish tradition differs from the modern identification of this place name. Modern historical geographers place No with the ancient city of Thebes, in Egypt.
- ^ "Bible Map: Memphis". bibleatlas.org.
- ^ Jonathan ben Uzziel's Aramaic Targum on Ezekiel 30:16
- ^ "Ezekiel 30 / Hebrew - English Bible / Mechon-Mamre". mechon-mamre.org.
- ^ "Nahum 3 / Hebrew - English Bible / Mechon-Mamre". mechon-mamre.org.
- ^ "Genesis 46 / Hebrew - English Bible / Mechon-Mamre". mechon-mamre.org.
- ^ "Bible Map: On". bibleatlas.org.
- ^ Maisler (Mazar), Benjamin (1932). "The Method of Transcribing Geographical and Personal Names". Lĕšonénu: A Journal for the Study of the Hebrew Language and Cognate Subjects: 19. JSTOR 24384308. (Perlu mendaftar (help)). ; Shmuel Klein, Eretz Yehudah (Heb. ארץ יהודה: מימי העליה מבבל עד חתימת התלמוד), Tel-Aviv 1939, s.v. אונו (Ono)
- ^ Solomon Skoss (ed.), The Hebrew-Arabic Dictionary of the Bible, Known as `Kitāb Jāmiʿ al-Alfāẓ` (Agron) of David ben Abraham al-Fasi, Yale University Press: New Haven 1936, vol. 1, p. 46 (s.v. אופיר), being identified with Serendip, the old Persian name for Sri Lanka (aka Ceylon). Cf. Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews (Book 8, chapter 6, §4), s.v. Aurea Chersonesus.
- ^ Wilkinson, Richard H. (2000). The Complete Temples of Ancient Egypt. Thames & Hudson. p. 109
- ^ "Joshua 14 / Hebrew - English Bible / Mechon-Mamre". mechon-mamre.org.
- ^ "Bible Map: Kiriath-arba (Hebron)". bibleatlas.org.
- ^ "Bible Map: Rabbah". bibleatlas.org.
- ^ "TIBERIAS - JewishEncyclopedia.com". www.jewishencyclopedia.com.
- ^ "1 Kings 17 / Hebrew - English Bible / Mechon-Mamre". mechon-mamre.org.
- ^ "Obadiah 1 / Hebrew - English Bible / Mechon-Mamre". mechon-mamre.org.
- ^ "Psalms 72 / Hebrew - English Bible / Mechon-Mamre". mechon-mamre.org.
- ^ Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews (book 2, chapter 10, section 2) Diarsipkan 2020-05-22 di Wayback Machine. [Paragraph # 249]
- ^ "1 Kings 10 / Hebrew - English Bible / Mechon-Mamre". mechon-mamre.org.
- ^ Kenneth A. Kitchen: The World of Ancient Arabia Series. Documentation for Ancient Arabia. Part I. Chronological Framework and Historical Sources p.110; Sefer Me'or ha-Afelah of Rabbi Nethanel ben Isaiah (ed. Yosef Qafih), Kiryat Ono 1983, p. 74 (Parashat Noah) (Hebrew), being an eponym for one of the sons of Joktan.
- ^ "SHECHEM - JewishEncyclopedia.com". www.jewishencyclopedia.com.
- ^ "Isaiah 8 / Hebrew - English Bible / Mechon-Mamre". mechon-mamre.org.
- ^ Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews (Book xv, chapter viii, §5)
- ^ "Pelusium: Gateway to Egypt - Archaeology Magazine Archive". www.archaeology.org.
- ^ "Nehemiah 1 / Hebrew - English Bible / Mechon-Mamre". mechon-mamre.org.
- ^ "Susa - Livius". www.livius.org. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-12-25. Diakses tanggal 2018-06-14.
- ^ "Ezekiel 29 / Hebrew - English Bible / Mechon-Mamre". mechon-mamre.org.
- ^ "Bible Map: Syene". bibleatlas.org.
- ^ "2 Chronicles 8 / Hebrew - English Bible / Mechon-Mamre". mechon-mamre.org.
- ^ "Bible Map: Tadmor". bibleatlas.org.
- ^ Art, Author: Department of Ancient Near Eastern. "Palmyra - Essay - Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History - The Metropolitan Museum of Art". The Met’s Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History.
- ^ "Jeremiah 44 / Hebrew - English Bible / Mechon-Mamre". mechon-mamre.org.
- ^ "Bible Map: Tahpanhes". bibleatlas.org.
- ^ "Judges 14 / Hebrew - English Bible / Mechon-Mamre". www.mechon-mamre.org.
- ^ Halaman 214 dalam:Clermont-Ganneau, Charles Simon (1896). [ARP] Archaeological Researches in Palestine 1873-1874, translated from the French by J. McFarlane. 2. London: Palestine Exploration Fund.
- ^ "Joshua 19 / Hebrew - English Bible / Mechon-Mamre". www.mechon-mamre.org.
- ^ List of Geographical Names, (A Memo of the National Committee to the Government of the Land of Israel on the Method of Spelling Transliterated Geographical and Personal Names, plus Two Lists of Geographical Names), Lĕšonénu: A Journal for the Study of the Hebrew Language and Cognate Subjects, Benjamin Maisler, Tel-Aviv 1932, p. 38 (Part II)
- ^ See p. 38 in: Maisler, Benjamin (1932). "A Memo of the National Committee to the Government of the Land of Israel on the Method of Spelling Transliterated Geographical and Personal Names, plus Two Lists of Geographical Names". Lĕšonénu: A Journal for the Study of the Hebrew Language and Cognate Subjects: 1–92. JSTOR 24384308 – via JSTOR. (Perlu mendaftar (help)). (Hebrew)
- ^ According to the Samaritan Chronicle, in Kefr Ghuweirah (now called Awarta) is found the tomb of Joshua bin Nun. Conder and Kitchener, citing another Samaritan tradition, say rather that it was Eleazer the priest who was buried a "little way west of Awarta (at al 'Azeir)," while Joshua bin Nun was buried at Kefr Haris. See: Conder and Kitchener, 1882, p. 218 - 219
- ^ "Genesis 11 / Hebrew - English Bible / Mechon-Mamre". mechon-mamre.org.
- ^ "Nehemiah 9 / Hebrew - English Bible / Mechon-Mamre". mechon-mamre.org.
- ^ "2 Chronicles 14 / Hebrew - English Bible / Mechon-Mamre". mechon-mamre.org.
- ^ Jerusalem Talmud, Megillah 1:1 (2a)
- ^ "Numbers 13 / Hebrew - English Bible / Mechon-Mamre". mechon-mamre.org.
- ^ "Bible Map: Zoan". bibleatlas.org.
- ^ E. Robinson & E. Smith, Biblical researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea (vol. 2), Boston 1841, pp. 339–340, 343; C.R. Conder, Tent Work in Palestine (vol. 1), London 1879, pp. 274–275; Ishtori Haparchi, Kaphtor u'ferach (3rd edition), vol. II -- chapter 11, Jerusalem 2007, p. 78 (note 282) (Hebrew), et al.
- ^ Victor Guérin, Description géographique, historique et archéologique de la Palestine (vol. 3), Paris 1869, p. 323
- ^ "Bible Map: Syrian Antioch". bibleatlas.org.
- ^ "Bible Map: Antipatris". bibleatlas.org.
- ^ "Bible Map: Assos". bibleatlas.org.
- ^ "Bible Map: Attalia". bibleatlas.org.
- ^ "Bible Map: Philadelphia". bibleatlas.org.
- ^ "Bible Map: Gerasa". bibleatlas.org.
- ^ "Bible Map: Lod". bibleatlas.org.
- ^ http://www.kilistra.org.tr/web/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=13&Itemid=30
- ^ "Bible Map: Mitylene". bibleatlas.org.
- ^ "Bible Map: Myra". bibleatlas.org.
- ^ "Bible Map: Neapolis". bibleatlas.org.
- ^ "Bible Map: Nicopolis". bibleatlas.org.