This timeline of the National Football League (NFL) tracks the history of each of the league's 32 current franchises from the early days of the league, through its merger with the American Football League (AFL). The history of franchises that began as independent teams, or as members of the Ohio League, New York Pro Football League, and other defunct leagues are shown as well.
NFL timeline
1920–1932: The Birth of the NFL
1920
The American Professional Football Association is formed September 17, 1920, at Canton, Ohio, with Jim Thorpe elected president.[1] The fourteen teams were mainly drawn from the Ohio League, Chicago Circuit, New York Pro Football League and other teams from the lower midwest. A $100 membership fee was charged. The Chicago Tigers folded after the season.[2]
Team folded this season ^ |
1921
The American Professional Football Association is reorganized at Akron, Ohio on April 30, 1921, with Joe F. Carr elected as new league president.[1] With the low entry barrier of a $100 membership fee, the number of teams balloons to 21.[1] Four of these franchises would last only one season, with Tonawanda Kardex only making it through a single game. Three other franchises folded mid-season.
1921 name changes 1920 team name | 1921 team name |
Cleveland Tigers | Cleveland Indians |
Decatur Staleys | Chicago Staleys |
Detroit Heralds | Detroit Tigers |
First season in APFA * | Team folded this season ^ | Only season in the league *^ |
1922
The APFA was renamed the National Football League on June 24, 1922.[3] Four new franchises were awarded.
1922 name change 1921 team name | 1922 team name |
Chicago Staleys | Chicago Bears |
First season in NFL * | Team folded this season ^ |
1923
A new and distinct Cleveland Indians franchise was formed. Two other teams joined the NFL, the Duluth Kelleys and the St. Louis All Stars. The St. Louis team folded after one season.
1923 name change 1922 team name | 1923 team name |
Columbus Panhandles | Columbus Tigers |
First season in NFL * | Team folded this season ^ | Last season before hiatus, rejoined league later § | Only season in the league *^ |
1924
Before the season, the owner of the Cleveland Indians bought the Canton Bulldogs and "mothballed" it, taking the team's nickname and players to Cleveland for the season. The Canton Bulldogs had won the NFL championship in 1923, and won it again as the Cleveland Bulldogs in 1924.
1924 name changes 1923 team name | 1924 team name |
Buffalo All-Americans | Buffalo Bisons |
Cleveland Indians | Cleveland Bulldogs |
First season in NFL * | Last season before hiatus, rejoined league later § | Only season in the league *^ |
1925
The Canton Bulldogs were reactivated. Four other franchises were awarded, including most notably a New York City franchise awarded to Timothy J. Mara and Will Gibson for a $2,500 membership fee, the New York Giants.[1] This was the final season for the Rochester Jeffersons.
First season in NFL * | Last active season ^ | Last season before hiatus, rejoined league later § |
Team jumped to the AFL † | Rejoined the NFL ** |
1926
The league grew to 22 teams, a figure that would not be equaled in professional football until 1961, adding the Brooklyn Lions, the Hartford Blues, the Los Angeles Buccaneers, and the Louisville Colonels, with Racine Tornadoes re-entering. At a league meeting held February 7, 1926, each franchise's roster was limited to a maximum of 18 players, with a minimum of 15.[3]
Only season in the league *^ | Rejoined the NFL ** | Last active season ^ |
1927
Prior to the season, the league decided to eliminate the financially weaker teams. As a result, the league dropped from 22 to 12 teams, and a majority of the remaining teams were centered around the East Coast instead of the Midwest, where the NFL had started. The New York Yankees were added from the American Football League and the Cleveland Bulldogs returned.
1927 name change 1926 team name | 1927 team name |
Buffalo Rangers | Buffalo Bisons |
Rejoined the NFL ** | Merged from 1926 AFL * |
Last active season ^ | Last season before hiatus, rejoined league later § |
1928
The league drops to 10 teams, the Buffalo Bisons sat out the season and the Duluth Eskimos folded. The Cleveland Bulldogs moved and played as the Detroit Wolverines.
1928 name change 1927 team name | 1928 team name |
Cleveland Bulldogs | Detroit Wolverines |
1929
The league increased back to 12 teams with the addition of two franchises, the Staten Island Stapletons, and the Orange Tornadoes. Two mothballed teams activated for the season. Minneapolis re-entered as the Red Jackets along with the re-entry of the Buffalo Bisons.
1929 name changes 1928 team name | 1929 team name |
Minneapolis Marines | Minneapolis Red Jackets |
Pottsville Maroons | Boston Bulldogs |
First season in NFL * | Rejoined the NFL ** | Last active season ^ |
1930
Prior to the season, Brooklyn businessmen William B. Dwyer and John C. Depler bought the Dayton Triangles, moved it, and renamed it the Brooklyn Dodgers. The Orange Tornadoes relocated to Newark. The Portsmouth Spartans entered as a new team, bringing the total to 11 teams. The league roster limit was expanded to a maximum of 20 players, with a minimum of 16 required.[3]
1930 name change 1929 team name | 1930 team name |
Dayton Triangles | Brooklyn Dodgers |
Orange Tornadoes | Newark Tornadoes |
First season in NFL * | Last active season ^ |
1931
The league decreased to 10 teams due to financial hardships caused by the Great Depression. While the Cleveland Indians joined as an expansion team, the league lost the Minneapolis Red Jackets and the Newark Tornadoes, and the Frankford Yellow Jackets folded midway through the season.
Only season in the league *^ | Last active season ^ |
1932
The Boston Braves enfranchised bringing the total to 8 teams.
First season in NFL * | Team folded this season ^ |
1933–1939: Start of Championship Game
1933
The barrier to entry was raised again with the July 8 decision to increase the league membership fee to $10,000.[1] Despite the fee increase, three new teams were added to the league — the Cincinnati Reds, Philadelphia Eagles, and Pittsburgh Pirates. The league split into Eastern and Western Divisions with the winner of each division playing in the NFL Championship Game. The 1933 season would be the first in which no NFL team folds or suspends operations.
1933 name change 1932 team name | 1933 team name |
Boston Braves | Boston Redskins |
1934
- Portsmouth Spartans moved to Detroit; renamed the Lions
- Cincinnati Reds cease operations during season, and are replaced by the St Louis Gunners for the final 3 games.
1934 name change 1933 team name | 1934 team name |
Portsmouth Spartans | Detroit Lions |
Only season in the league *^ | Last active season ^ |
1935–1936
- Neither Cincinnati Reds nor St. Louis Gunners return for 1935 season. The NFL raised its roster limit to 24 players effective with the 1935 season and again to 25 players for 1936.[6]
1937–1939
The Cleveland Rams would join the league from the AFL II and the Boston Redskins would move to Washington, D.C. in 1937. The league raised the roster limit to 30 players per team effective with the 1938 season.[3]
1937 is first season in NFL * |
The 1940s: World War II mergers
1940–1942
The Pittsburgh franchise changed its nickname from the Pirates to the Steelers before the start of the 1940 campaign. The NFL also raised the maximum number of players allowed on a league roster from 30 to 33 players effective with the 1940 season.[3]
Team mothballed after season, rejoined league 1944 § |
1943
As America became more deeply embroiled in World War II, the Cleveland Rams suspend operations for the 1943 season due to a major loss in players. The Philadelphia Eagles and Pittsburgh Steelers were able to work around the player shortage by merging to form the "Phil-Pitt Steagles."
Size of the active roster reduced from 33 to 28 players per team.[6] Intent of this reduction was to appease the Office of Defense Transportation by reducing the impact of travel by road teams.[7] Additionally, teams primarily used day coaches rather than sleeper cars, a more efficient albeit less comfortable mode of travel.[7] This continued through the 1944 season.
Two teams merge for season † |
1944
- Boston Yanks enfranchised.
- Cleveland Rams resume operations.
- Steagles end merger, Eagles resume operations
- Steelers merge with Cardinals to form "Card-Pitt"
1944 name change 1943 team name | 1944 team name |
Brooklyn Dodgers | Brooklyn Tigers |
First season in NFL * | Rejoined the NFL ** | Two teams merge for season † |
1945
The Card-Pitt team was resplit into the Chicago Cardinals and Pittsburgh Steelers for the 1945 season. The Brooklyn Tigers franchise was merged with Boston Yanks, named simply "The Yanks." The Active player limit was returned to its pre-war size of 33 players.[6]
Two teams merge for season † |
1946–1948
The National Football League began to colonize the Pacific coast when the Cleveland Rams moved to Los Angeles, California ahead of the 1946 season. With World War II at an end, the Boston Yanks resumed normal operations, although the Brooklyn Tigers franchise was permanently terminated. Effective with the 1948 season, the NFL again raised its roster limit for member teams, increasing the maximum from 33 to 35 players.[3]
Last active season was 1948 ^ |
1949
The Boston Yanks ceased operations at the end of the 1948 season, with remains of the team enfranchised for 1949 as the New York Bulldogs. Size of the active roster was reduced to 32 players.[6]
The 1950s: AAFC merger
1950
- Eastern Division renamed to American Conference
- Western Division renamed to National Conference
- San Francisco 49ers, Cleveland Browns, and the first Baltimore Colts all enfranchised from now-defunct All-America Football Conference. The Colts fold after the 1950 season.
- New York Bulldogs change name to New York Yanks, move to National Conference
- Chicago Cardinals move to American Conference
1950 name change 1949 team name | 1950 team name |
New York Bulldogs | New York Yanks |
Teams merge from AAFC ** | Last active season ^ |
1951
The NFL increased the maximum size of team rosters from 32 to 33 players effective with the 1951 season. This would remain in effect through 1956.[6] The New York Yanks franchise terminated following the 1951 season.
1952
The Dallas Texans franchise was launched with the remains of the now-defunct New York Yanks, but the team terminated after one season. It remains the last NFL team to fold due to financial reasons.
Only season in the league *^ |
1953–1959
The 1953 season saw a renaming of the league's two conferences, with the American Conference renamed the Eastern Conference and the National Conference renamed the Western Conference. A second and distinct Baltimore Colts team was enfranchised from the remains of the Dallas Texans. Effective with the 1957 season, the NFL raised its roster limit from 33 to 35 players per team.[3] The roster limit was raised again for the 1959 season, this time to 36 players per team.[8]
1953 is first season in NFL * |
The 1960s: NFL and AFL
1960
In 1960 the American Football League (AFL) began operations with eight teams as a rival to the NFL. The Dallas Cowboys were enfranchised by NFL. The year also marked the move of the Chicago Cardinals to St. Louis.
The roster limit was raised to 38 players per team for the 1960 season.[8]
1960 name change 1959 team name | 1960 team name |
Chicago Cardinals | St. Louis Cardinals |
1961–1962
The NFL enfranchised the Minnesota Vikings in 1961, with the fledgling Dallas Cowboys moved to Eastern Division to balance division numbers.[9] The league also reduced the roster limit from 38 back to 36 players during these two years.[6]
The AFL's Los Angeles Chargers moved to San Diego.
1961 is first season in NFL * |
1963–1965
In the AFL, facing a divided sports market due to the establishment of the NFL's Dallas Cowboys, the Dallas Texans moved to Kansas City to become the Kansas City Chiefs. The New York Titans were also renamed as the New York Jets.
In the NFL, the roster limit was raised in 1963 to 37 players and in 1964 to 40 players — a number which remained constant until the end of the 1973 season.[6]
1966
The 1966 season saw the Atlanta Falcons enfranchised by the NFL and the Miami Dolphins by the AFL. The two leagues played the first AFL-NFL championship game (later known as the Super Bowl) after the conclusion of the season.
First season in NFL * | First season in AFL ** |
1967
- NFL Eastern Conference divided into Capitol and Century Divisions
- NFL Western Conference divided into Coastal and Central Divisions
- New Orleans Saints enfranchised by NFL
- Atlanta Falcons move to Western Conference
1968
- Cincinnati Bengals are enfranchised by AFL
- New York Giants move to Capitol Division
- New Orleans Saints move to Century Division
1969
- New York Giants move back to Century Division
- New Orleans Saints move back to Capitol Division
The 1970s: AFL–NFL merger
1970
- AFL and NFL merge
- AFL Eastern and Western Divisions become AFC East and AFC West, respectively
- AFC Central formed
- NFL Capitol Division becomes nucleus of NFC East
- NFL Central Division becomes NFC Central
- NFL Coastal Division becomes nucleus of NFC West
- NFL Century Division teams split up between AFC Central and NFC East
- Baltimore moves from NFL Coastal to AFC East
- Cincinnati moves from AFL West to AFC Central
- Houston moves from AFL East to AFC Central
- Cleveland moves from NFL Century to AFC Central
- Pittsburgh moves from NFL Century to AFC Central
- New York Giants move from NFL Century to NFC East
- St. Louis moves from NFL Century to NFC East
- New Orleans moves from NFL Capitol to NFC West
1971–1975
The Boston Patriots are renamed New England Patriots. Size of the active player roster was increased in 1974 from 40 to 47 players before being lowered to 43 the following season.[6]
1976
- Seattle Seahawks are enfranchised
- Tampa Bay Buccaneers are enfranchised
1977–1981
There was realignment of divisions with Seattle moving from the NFC West to the AFC West and Tampa Bay moving from the AFC West to the NFC Central. In 1978 the size of the active roster was increased from 43 to 45 players, where it would remain through the 1981 season.[6]
The 1980s and 1990s: Relocation and expansion
1982–1983
The Oakland Raiders relocated to Los Angeles. After the first two games of the 1982 season the size of the active roster was increased from 45 to 49 players, where it would remain through the end of the 1984 season.[6]
1984–1987
The Baltimore Colts moved to Indianapolis in 1984. In 1985 size of the active roster was reduced again from 49 to 45 — where it would remain through the end of the 1990 season.[6]
1988–1993
The St. Louis Cardinals moved to Phoenix in 1988. In 1991 the league allowed teams to add a third "emergency" quarterback to their active 45 man rosters—a system that would remain in effect through the end of the 2010 season.[6]
1994
- Phoenix Cardinals renamed Arizona Cardinals
1995
- Carolina Panthers enfranchised
- Jacksonville Jaguars enfranchised
- Los Angeles Raiders move back to Oakland
- Los Angeles Rams move to St. Louis
1996
- Cleveland Browns franchise deactivated
- Baltimore Ravens enfranchised with remains of deactivated Cleveland Browns
1997–1998
- Houston Oilers announce that they will move to Nashville and are renamed the Tennessee Oilers. They play the 1997 season in Memphis and the 1998 season at Vanderbilt Stadium in Nashville while a new stadium is built in Nashville.
1999–2001
- Cleveland Browns franchise reinstated
- Tennessee Oilers renamed Tennessee Titans
The 2000s: Realignment
2002–2015
- The NFL realigns to create four divisions with four teams each in both conferences.
- Arizona (NFC East) and Seattle (AFC West) join the NFC West
- NFC Central renamed NFC North
- AFC Central renamed AFC North
- NFC South created
- Tampa Bay moves from the old NFC Central
- New Orleans, Atlanta, and Carolina move from the NFC West
- AFC South created
- Jacksonville and Tennessee move from the old AFC Central
- Indianapolis moves from the AFC East
- Houston Texans enfranchised
In 2011 the active roster limit was shifted from 45 + 1 emergency quarterback to an undifferentiated 46 players. This would remain in effect through the end of the 2019 campaign.[6]
2002 is first season in NFL * |
2016
2017–2019
2020–2021
The size of the active roster was increased to 47 players — 48 if there were 8 offensive linemen activated.[6]
2022–present
The Washington Football Team was renamed Washington Commanders in 2022. In 2023 the 47 man active roster was expanded to allow a third "emergency" quarterback.[6]
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e Treat, Roger (ed.) (1952). The Official National Football League Football Encyclopedia. New York: A.S. Barnes & Co., pp. 18–23.
- ^ "Team Encyclopedias and Records". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g Genuit, Charles (ed.) (1957), "Milestones," Pro Football 1957. Los Angeles: Petersen Publishing Co., p. 8.
- ^ Left the league before the final three games were completed
- ^ Replaced Cincinati for the final three games
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o NFL Communications Department and Santo Labombarda (eds.), 2023 Official National Football League Record and Fact Book. New York: National Football League, 2023; p. 40.
- ^ a b Dan Daly, The National Forgotten League: Entertaining Stories and Observations from Pro Football's First Fifty Years. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 2012; p. 192.
- ^ a b Jim Heffernan (ed.), "Waivers, Cutdown Dates, Move List, and Player Limits," National Football League 1969 Record Manual, New York: National Football League, 1969; p. 109.
- ^ "NFL Shift Puts Dallas With Eastern Division". Pampa Daily News. 12 April 1961. p. 9. Retrieved 20 February 2024.
- ^ a b c "Realignment for 2002". NFL.com. NFL Enterprises, LLC. May 22, 2001. Retrieved April 3, 2016.
- ^ a b c "New alignment takes effect in 2002". ESPN Internet Ventures, LLC. Associated Press. May 22, 2001. Retrieved March 21, 2016.
- ^ a b c Freeman, Mike (May 23, 2001). "PRO FOOTBALL; Owners Approve N.F.L. Realignment". The New York Times. Retrieved March 21, 2016.
- ^ Hanzus, Dan (January 12, 2016). "Rams to relocate to L.A.; Chargers first option to join". NFL.com. NFL Enterprises, LLC. Retrieved January 13, 2016.
- ^ "Rams to Return to Los Angeles". TheRams.com. NFL Enterprises, LLC. January 12, 2016. Archived from the original on January 20, 2016. Retrieved April 25, 2019.
- ^ "Chargers to Relocate to Los Angeles". Chargers.com. NFL Enterprises, LLC. January 12, 2017. Archived from the original on April 28, 2017. Retrieved April 25, 2019.
- ^ Knoblauch, Austin (January 12, 2017). "Chargers announce decision to relocate to Los Angeles". NFL.com. NFL Enterprises, LLC. Retrieved January 15, 2017.
- ^ Wilson, Ryan (January 12, 2017). "Chargers are moving to Los Angeles after 56 years in San Diego". CBSSports.com. CBS Sports. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
- ^ Rosenthal, Gregg (March 27, 2017). "NFL team owners approve Raiders' move to Las Vegas". NFL.com. NFL Enterprises, LLC. Retrieved March 27, 2017.
- ^ Raiders Media Relations (March 27, 2017). "Raiders Receive NFL Approval For Las Vegas Relocation". Raiders.com. NFL Enterprises, LLC. Retrieved April 25, 2019.
- ^ Disis, Jill; Byres, Dylan (March 27, 2017). "NFL approves Raiders' move to Las Vegas". CNN.com. Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. Retrieved April 18, 2017.
- ^ Schefter, Adam (July 23, 2020). "Washington NFL team to use 'Washington Football Team' for 2020 season". ESPN.com. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
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