Altitypotherium

Extinct genus of mammals

Altitypotherium
Temporal range: Early Miocene
~18–17 Ma
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Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Notoungulata
Family: Mesotheriidae
Subfamily: Mesotheriinae
Genus: Altitypotherium
Croft, Flynn & Wyss, 2004
Type species
Altitypotherium chucalensis
Croft, Flynn & Wyss, 2004
Species
  • A. chucalensis Croft, Flynn & Wyss, 2004
  • A. paucidens Croft, Flynn & Wyss, 2004

Altitypotherium is an extinct genus of Notoungulate, belonging to the suborder Typotheria. It lived during the Early Miocene, and its fossilized remains were discovered in South America.

Description

This animal was vaguely similar to a wombat, and its dimensions evocate those of a raccoon ; its skull was approximately 16 centimeters long, while its total length, excluding the tail, was about 80 centimeters. It weighed around 10 kilograms.

Altitypotherium had a tall and narrow snout, with only six pairs of teeth in the maxilla and mandible, a low number when compared to most other notoungulates. It had gliriform upper incisors, with a band of anterior enamel, and lower incisors protruding forward and separated from premolars and molars by a long diastema. It had high-crowned (hypsodont) teeth, and the occlusal surfaces of the molars had two enamel folds halfway through the tooth in the inner surface and outlining three dentin-filled lobes, forming an E-shaped form. The largest species, Altitypotherium paucidens was distinguished from its closest relatives by the loss of the upper third molar.

Classification

The genus Altitypotherium was first described in 2004, based on fossil remains found in the Chucal Formation in Northern Chile, in Early Miocene terrains ; two species are currently known, A. chucalensis and A. paucidens. Fossils attributed, with some uncertainty, to the genus have also been found in Argentina.

Altitypotherium belonged to the family Mesotheriidae, a group of typotheres that diversified during the Cenozoic, giving rise to forms the size of a ram. Altitypotherium belonged to the subfamily Mesotheriinae, the most derived clade of the group.

Paleobiology

Altitypotherium was a terrestrial herbivore with fossorial behaviour. It fed on low vegetation, roots and tubers, which it grinded with its powerful posterior teeths. It lived at fairly high altitudes. It shared several similarities, notably its hypsodont teeth, with modern wombats.

Bibliography

  • D. A. Croft, J. J. Flynn, and A. R. Wyss. 2004. Notoungulata and Litopterna of Early Miocene Chucal Fauna, Northern Chile. Fieldiana Geology 50:1-52
  • G. M. López, M. G. Vucetich, A. A. Carlini, M. Bond, M. E. Pérez, M. R. Ciancio, D. J. Pérez, M. Arnal, and A. I. Olivares. 2011. New Miocene mammal assemblages from Neogene Manantiales basin, Cordillera Frontal, San Juan, Argentina. In J. A. Salfity, R. A. Marquillas (eds.), Cenozoic Geology of the Central Andes of Argentina 211–226
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Xenungulata, Pyrotheria, Astrapotheria, and other minor groups
Kollpaniidae?
  • Andinodus
  • Molinodus
  • Pucanodus
  • Simoclaenus
  • Tiuclaenus
Didolodontidae
Xenungulata
Carodniidae
Pyrotheria
Colombitheriidae
Pyrotheriidae
Astrapotheria
Trigonostylopidae
Astrapotheriidae
Albertogaudryinae
Astrapotheriinae
Uruguaytheriinae
Carodnia vieirai

Pyrotherium romeroi

Astrapotherium magnum
Litopterna
Protolipternidae
Amilnedwardsiidae
Sparnotheriodontidae
Indaleciidae
Notonychopidae
Lopholipterna
Adianthidae
Macraucheniidae
Cramaucheniinae
Macraucheniinae
Proterotheriidae
Anisolambdinae
Proterotheriinae
Megadolodinae
Uncertain placement
Theosodon garretorum

Macrauchenia patachonica

Diadiaphorus majusculus
incertae sedis
Notioprogonia
  • Satshatemnus
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Henricosborniidae
Notostylopidae
Toxodontia
Homalodotheriidae
Isotemnidae
Eutoxodontia
Leontiniidae
Notohippidae
Toxodontidae
Nesodontinae
Toxodontinae
Typotheria
Archaeopithecidae
Oldfieldthomasiidae
Interatheriidae
Interatheriinae
Notopithecinae
Mesotheriidae
Mesotheriinae
Archaeohyracidae
Hegetotheriidae
Hegetotheriinae
Pachyrukhinae
Pachyrukhini
Thomashuxleya rostrata

Huilatherium pluriplicatum

Toxodon platensis
Taxon identifiers
Altitypotherium