1970 in spaceflight
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Japan and China each launched their first satellites in 1970, bringing the total number of nations with independent launch capability to five.
Apollo 13 was launched; after suffering an explosion in deep space it had to circumnavigate the moon and use the LM as a life boat. Apollo 13 was a successful disaster in which the crew survived. The Soviet space program continued its Luna program with Luna 17, which delivered the robotic Lunokhod 1 rover to the lunar surface, and Luna 16, which achieved the first uncrewed lunar sample return. The Soviets also continued the success of the Venera Venus probes with Venera 7, the first man-made spacecraft to successfully land on another planet and to transmit data back to Earth, though it only survived 23 minutes on the surface.
Orbital Launches
This is a list of spaceflights launched in 1970.
This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (August 2008) |
Date and time (UTC) | Rocket | Flight number | Launch site | LSP | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Payload (⚀ = CubeSat) | Operator | Orbit | Function | Decay (UTC) | Outcome | ||||||
Remarks | |||||||||||
January | |||||||||||
9 January | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | GRU | Low Earth Orbit | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Successful | ||||||
14 January | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | USAF | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Successful | ||||||
15 January | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | Intelsat | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Successful | ||||||
15 January | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | Low Earth Orbit | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Successful | |||||||
16 January | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | Low Earth Orbit | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Successful | |||||||
20 January | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | Low Earth Orbit | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Successful | |||||||
21 January | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | GRU | Low Earth Orbit | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Successful | ||||||
23 January | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | NOAA | Low Earth | Meteorology | In orbit | Successful | ||||||
![]() | University of Melbourne | Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Successful | ||||||
30 January | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | Low Earth Orbit | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Failure | |||||||
February | |||||||||||
4 February | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | NASA Lewis research center | Low Earth | Technology Demonstration | In orbit | Successful | ||||||
6 February | ![]() | ![]() | MOM | ||||||||
![]() | MOM | Selenocentric | Lunar lander | In orbit | Failure | ||||||
10 February | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | GRU | Low Earth Orbit | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Successful | ||||||
11 February | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||||||
![]() | Tokyo University | Low Earth | Technology | 2 August 2003 | Successful | ||||||
First satellite launched by Japan | |||||||||||
11 February | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | SSO | Meteorology | In orbit | Successful | |||||||
19 February | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | Molniya | Communications | In orbit | Successful | |||||||
27 February | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | Low Earth Orbit | Calibration | In orbit | Successful | |||||||
March | |||||||||||
3 March 21:15 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||||||
RAE | Low Earth | Test LV | In orbit | Successful | |||||||
4 March | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | GRU | Low Earth Orbit | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Successful | ||||||
4 March | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Successful | |||||||
![]() | USAF | Low Earth | ELINT | In orbit | Successful | ||||||
10 March | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | DFVLR | Technology Demonstration | In orbit | Successful | |||||||
![]() | DFVLR | Technology Demonstration | In orbit | Successful | |||||||
13 March | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | GRU | Low Earth Orbit | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Successful | ||||||
17 March | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | Low Earth Orbit | Meteorology | In orbit | Successful | |||||||
18 March | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | Yuzhnoye | Low Earth Orbit | Radar calibration | In orbit | Successful | ||||||
20 March | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | NATO | Geosynchronous | Military Communication | In orbit | Successful | ||||||
27 March | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | GRU | Low Earth Orbit | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Successful | ||||||
April | |||||||||||
3 April | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | GRU | Low Earth Orbit | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Successful | ||||||
7 April | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | Low Earth Orbit | SIGNIT | In orbit | Successful | |||||||
8 April | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | NOAA / NASA | Medium Earth | Meteorology | In orbit | Successful | ||||||
![]() | US Army | Medium Earth | Geodesy | In orbit | Successful | ||||||
8 April | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | GRU | Low Earth Orbit | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Successful | ||||||
8 April | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | USAF | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Successful | |||||||
![]() | USAF | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Successful | |||||||
11 April | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | Medium Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Successful | |||||||
11 April 19:13 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||||||
![]() | NASA | Intended: Lunar orbit Actual: Lunar free return | Crewed lunar orbit. | 15 April 1970 | Failure | ||||||
![]() | NASA | Intended: Lunar landing Actual: Lunar free return | Crewed lunar landing | 15 April 1970 | Failure | ||||||
Explosion in Service Module crippled spacecraft, resulting in mission abort. Mission aborted due to CSM malfunction. LM used to help bring crew back to Earth. | |||||||||||
15 April | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | GRU | Low Earth Orbit | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Successful | ||||||
15 April | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | USAF | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Successful | ||||||
23 April | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | Intelsat | Geosynchronous | Communication | In orbit | Successful | ||||||
23 April | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | Yuzhnoye | Low Earth Orbit | Radar calibration | In orbit | Successful | ||||||
24 April 13:35 | ![]() | Y1 | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||
![]() | CAST | Medium Earth | Technology demonstration | In orbit | Successful | ||||||
First satellite launched by China. | |||||||||||
24 April | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | Yuzhnoye | Low Earth Orbit | Research | In orbit | Successful | ||||||
25 April | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | Low Earth Orbit | Military Communication | In orbit | Successful | |||||||
![]() | Low Earth Orbit | Military Communication | In orbit | Successful | |||||||
![]() | Low Earth Orbit | Military Communication | In orbit | Successful | |||||||
![]() | Low Earth Orbit | Military Communication | In orbit | Successful | |||||||
![]() | Low Earth Orbit | Military Communication | In orbit | Successful | |||||||
![]() | Low Earth Orbit | Military Communication | In orbit | Successful | |||||||
![]() | Low Earth Orbit | Military Communication | In orbit | Successful | |||||||
![]() | Low Earth Orbit | Military Communication | In orbit | Successful | |||||||
28 April | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | Medium Earth | Meteorology | In orbit | Successful | |||||||
May | |||||||||||
12 May | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | GRU | Low Earth Orbit | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Successful | ||||||
20 May | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | GRU | Low Earth Orbit | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Successful | ||||||
20 May | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | CIA | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Successful | ||||||
![]() | USAF | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Successful | ||||||
22 May | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | Yuzhnoye | Low Earth Orbit | Radar calibration | In orbit | Failure | ||||||
June | |||||||||||
1 June 19:00 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||||||
![]() | RVSN | Low Earth | Crewed Orbital Spaceflight | 19 June 1970 11:58 | Successful | ||||||
Longest Crewed flight involving only one spacecraft. (As of 09/06/06) | |||||||||||
1 June 19:00 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||||||
![]() | RAE | Low Earth | Micrometeoroid detection satellite | In orbit | Failure | ||||||
First British attempt to launch a satellite. Failed to reach orbit after premature 2nd stage cutout. | |||||||||||
10 June | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | GRU | Low Earth Orbit | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Successful | ||||||
12 June | ![]() | F9 | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||
![]() | ELDO | Low Earth | Vehicle Evaluation | In orbit | Failure | ||||||
Fairing failed to separate | |||||||||||
12 June | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | Yuzhnoye | Low Earth Orbit | Radar calibration | In orbit | Successful | ||||||
13 June | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | Yuzhnoye | Low Earth Orbit | Research | In orbit | Successful | ||||||
17 June | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | GRU | Low Earth Orbit | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Successful | ||||||
19 June | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | NRO / CIA | Geosynchronous | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Successful | ||||||
23 June | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | Medium Earth | Meteorology | In orbit | Successful | |||||||
25 April | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | USAF | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Successful | ||||||
26 June | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | Molniya | Communication | In orbit | Successful | |||||||
26 June | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | GRU | Low Earth Orbit | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Successful | ||||||
27 June | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | Yuzhnoye | Low Earth Orbit | Radar calibration | In orbit | Successful | ||||||
27 June | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | Low Earth Orbit | Military Communication | In orbit | Failure | |||||||
July | |||||||||||
7 July | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | GRU | Low Earth Orbit | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Successful | ||||||
9 July | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | GRU | Low Earth Orbit | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Successful | ||||||
21 July | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | GRU | Low Earth Orbit | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Failure | ||||||
23 July | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Successful | |||||||
23 July | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | Intelsat | Geosynchronous | Communication | In orbit | Successful | ||||||
28 July | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | Low Earth Orbit | Weapon System Test | In orbit | Successful | |||||||
August | |||||||||||
7 August | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | Interkosmos | Low Earth Orbit | Science | In orbit | Successful | ||||||
7 August | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | GRU | Low Earth Orbit | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Successful | ||||||
10 August | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | Yuzhnoye | Low Earth Orbit | Research | In orbit | Successful | ||||||
17 August | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | Heliocentric to Venus orbit | Venus lander | In orbit | Successful | |||||||
18 August | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | USAF | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Successful | ||||||
19 August | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | Ministry of Defence | Geosynchronous | Military Communication | In orbit | Successful | ||||||
19 August | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | Yuzhnoye | Low Earth Orbit | Radar calibration | In orbit | Successful | ||||||
20 August | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | Low Earth Orbit | Weapon System Test | In orbit | Successful | |||||||
22 August | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | Heliocentric to Venus orbit | Venus lander | In orbit | Failure | |||||||
26 August | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | USAF | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Successful | ||||||
27 August | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | US Navy | Navigation | In orbit | Successful | |||||||
29 August | ![]() | ![]() | |||||||||
![]() | GRU | Low Earth Orbit | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Successful | ||||||
September | |||||||||||
12 September 13:25 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||||||
Luna 16 | Selenocentric | Lunar lander | 24 September | Successful | |||||||
First uncrewed lunar sample return, first Soviet lunar sample return | |||||||||||
October | |||||||||||
20 October 19:55 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||||||
Zond 8 | Highly elliptical | Spacecraft test | In orbit | Successful | |||||||
Final circumlunar flight of the Zond program. | |||||||||||
November | |||||||||||
December | |||||||||||
12 December 10:54 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||||||||
![]() | NASA | Low Earth | X-ray astronomy | 5 April 1979 | Successful | ||||||
First satellite dedicated to X-ray astronomy. |
Suborbital Launches
This is a list of spaceflights launched in 1970.
This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (August 2008) |
Launches from the Moon
Date and time (UTC) | Rocket | Flight number | Launch site | LSP | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Payload (⚀ = CubeSat) | Operator | Orbit | Function | Decay (UTC) | Outcome | ||
Remarks | |||||||
21 September 7:43 | ![]() | Mare Fecunditatis (Luna) | |||||
![]() | ![]() | Highly elliptical | Sample return | 24 September 1970 | Successful | ||
First uncrewed lunar sample return mission |
Deep Space Rendezvous
Date (GMT) | Spacecraft | Event | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|
11 April 1970 | Apollo 13 S-IVB stage | Impacted the Moon | |
15 April | Apollo 13 | Lunar flyby at 254 kilometres (158 mi) | Intended lunar landing, forced to abort and return to Earth using lunar free return trajectory |
20 September | Luna 16 | 100gm from Mare Fecunditatis | First sample return mission |
24 October | Zond 8 | Circumlunar flight of the Moon 1,110 kilometres (690 mi) | |
17 November | Luna 17 | Delivered Lunokhod 1 at Mare Imbrium | First robotic Lunar rover |
15 December | Venera 7 | Atmospheric probe worked for 23 min on the Venerian surface | First soft landing on another planet |
References
- Bergin, Chris. "NASASpaceFlight.com".
- Clark, Stephen. "Spaceflight Now".
- Kelso, T.S. "Satellite Catalog (SATCAT)". CelesTrak.[dead link]
- Krebs, Gunter. "Chronology of Space Launches".
- Kyle, Ed. "Space Launch Report". Archived from the original on 5 October 2009. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
- McDowell, Jonathan. "GCAT Orbital Launch Log".
- Pietrobon, Steven. "Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive".
- Wade, Mark. "Encyclopedia Astronautica".
- Webb, Brian. "Southwest Space Archive".
- Zak, Anatoly. "Russian Space Web".
- "ISS Calendar". Spaceflight 101.
- "NSSDCA Master Catalog". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
- "Space Calendar". NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory.[dead link]
- "Space Information Center". JAXA.[dead link]
- "Хроника освоения космоса" [Chronicle of space exploration]. CosmoWorld (in Russian).
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Footnotes